The wildebeest migration happens as one continuous annual cycle, not as several separate migrations. Every year, more than a million wildebeest, together with large numbers of zebras and gazelles, travel across the Serengeti ecosystem in Tanzania and into Kenya’s Maasai Mara. They move mainly in search of fresh grass and water, following seasonal rainfall. Because rainfall patterns change, the exact timing and location of the herds can vary from one year to another.
At the beginning of the year, usually around January to March, large herds are commonly found in the southern Serengeti and Ndutu area, where many wildebeest give birth to their calves. After the calving period, the herds gradually move westward and northward as they search for new grazing areas. Around June to October, depending on conditions, some of the herds reach northern Serengeti and may cross the Mara River into Kenya. These dramatic river crossings are among the most famous sights associated with the Great Migration.
After spending time in the northern Serengeti and Maasai Mara region, the herds eventually begin moving south again as rainfall creates fresh grazing. By around November and December, many animals return toward the southern Serengeti, starting the cycle again. Therefore, the wildebeest do not migrate only once or twice—they move continuously throughout the year in an annual circular journey. This makes Tanzania an excellent destination for wildlife safaris because different parts of the migration can be experienced during different months.